攜手構建公正合理的全球治理體系
——在二十國集團領導人第十九次峰會第二階段會議關于“全球治理機構改革”議題的講話
（2024年11月18日，里約熱內盧）
中華人民共和國主席 習近平
尊敬的盧拉總統，
各位同事：
二十國集團領導人峰會已經走過16年歷程。這些年，我們同舟共濟、應對國際金融危機，推動全球經濟、金融、貿易等領域合作，帶領世界經濟走上復蘇之路。我們勠力同心、直面全球挑戰，共同應對氣候變化，抗擊新冠疫情，領航技術變革，不斷賦予二十國集團新的責任和使命。我們攜手同行、完善全球治理，加強宏觀經濟政策協調，推動國際金融機構改革，以平等協商、互利共贏精神引領國際合作。
站在新的起點上，二十國集團應該承前啟后、繼往開來，繼續做完善全球治理、推動歷史進步的力量。我們應該秉持人類命運共同體理念，相互視對方的發展為機遇而非挑戰，相互把對方作為伙伴而非對手；恪守以聯合國憲章宗旨和原則為基礎的國際關系基本準則，維護以國際法為基礎的國際秩序。應該結合二十國集團職能，在經濟、金融、貿易、數字、生態環境等領域進一步凝聚國際共識，完善全球治理，促進平等有序的世界多極化、普惠包容的經濟全球化。
第一，完善全球經濟治理，建設合作型世界經濟。我們已經制定二十國集團全面增長戰略，建立強勁、可持續、平衡和包容增長框架。當前，要致力于加強全球經濟伙伴關系，在財政、金融、貨幣、結構性改革方面加強宏觀政策協調，培育新質生產力，提高全要素生產率，為世界經濟開辟更廣闊發展空間。要用好二十國集團財長和央行行長會議機制，打造宏觀政策協調的“穩定器”，營造開放、包容、非歧視的國際經濟合作環境。國際金融機構和商業債權人作為主要債權方，應該參與對發展中國家減緩債行動。要營造風清氣正的營商環境，堅持對腐敗零容忍，加強追逃追贓國際合作，不為腐敗分子及其資產提供“避風港”。
第二，完善全球金融治理，建設穩定型世界經濟。要增加發展中國家話語權和代表性，按照各方商定的時間表和路線圖，開展世界銀行股權審議，推進國際貨幣基金組織份額占比調整。要共同維護國際金融市場穩定，防止本國貨幣政策調整產生負面外溢效應，發達國家在這方面應該承擔起責任。要完善金融風險監測、預警、處置體系，加強數字貨幣、稅收等領域合作，筑牢全球金融安全網。要加快落實《二十國集團可持續金融路線圖》，更好滿足發展中國家綠色融資需求。
第三，完善全球貿易治理，建設開放型世界經濟。要把發展置于國際經貿議程中心地位，持續推動貿易和投資自由化便利化，要繼續推進世界貿易組織改革，反對單邊主義、保護主義，推動爭端解決機制盡快恢復正常運轉，并將《促進發展的投資便利化協定》納入世界貿易組織規則框架，早日就電子商務協定達成一致。要積極推進世界貿易組織規則與時俱進，既要解決長期未決議題，又要積極探索制定面向未來的新規則，提高多邊貿易體制的權威性、有效性和相關性。要避免經濟問題政治化、人為割裂全球市場，避免以綠色低碳為名、行保護主義之實。兩年前，中國同印度尼西亞等國共同發起《產業鏈供應鏈韌性與穩定國際合作倡議》，呼吁構建更具平等性、包容性和建設性的產業鏈供應鏈伙伴關系，我們愿同各方就此加強合作。
第四，完善全球數字治理，建設創新型世界經濟。要強化二十國集團數字經濟部長會議功能，在數字化轉型、數字經濟和實體經濟深度融合、新興領域規則制定等方面發揮引領作用。要加強人工智能國際治理和合作，確保人工智能向善、造福全人類，避免其成為“富國和富人的游戲”。中方舉辦了2024世界人工智能大會暨人工智能全球治理高級別會議，發表了《人工智能全球治理上海宣言》，同各方推動聯合國大會通過加強人工智能能力建設國際合作決議。中方將于2025年繼續舉辦世界人工智能大會，歡迎二十國集團成員參與。
第五，完善全球生態治理，建設生態友好型世界經濟。要遵循共同但有區別的責任原則，本著人與自然和諧共生理念，全面有效落實《巴黎協定》和《昆明－蒙特利爾全球生物多樣性框架》。發達國家要向發展中國家提供必要的資金、技術、能力建設支持。近期舉辦的生物多樣性締約方大會達成重要共識，我們要共同支持今年年內舉行的氣候變化、荒漠化締約方大會取得積極成果。能源轉型和能源安全是篇大文章，要堅持先立后破，使清潔能源平穩有序替代傳統能源，加快世界經濟綠色低碳轉型。中方愿同各方持續深化綠色基建、綠色能源、綠色礦產、綠色交通等領域國際合作，在力所能及范圍內為發展中國家提供支持。
全球安全治理也是全球治理的重要組成部分。二十國集團要支持聯合國及其安理會發揮更大作用，支持一切有利于和平解決危機的努力。要本著“戰場不外溢、戰事不升級、各方不拱火”原則，推動烏克蘭危機局勢降溫，尋求政治解決之道。中國和巴西會同有關全球南方國家共同發起了烏克蘭危機“和平之友”小組，旨在匯集更多致力于和平的聲音。加沙戰火給人民帶來沉重苦難，要盡快推動各方?；鹬箲?，為緩解地區人道主義危機和戰后重建提供支持。解決巴以沖突循環往復的根本出路是落實“兩國方案”，恢復巴勒斯坦民族合法權利，建立獨立的巴勒斯坦國。
各位同事！
讓我們重溫二十國集團成立初心，從里約熱內盧再出發，弘揚伙伴關系，踐行真正的多邊主義，開辟共同發展繁榮的美好未來！
謝謝大家。
Working Together for a Fair and?Equitable Global Governance System
Remarks by H.E. Xi Jinping
President of the People’s Republic of China
On Reform of the Institutions of Global Governance?
At Session II of the 19th G20 Summit
Rio de Janeiro, November 18, 2024
Your Excellency President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,
Colleagues,
It has been 16 years since the G20 Summit was launched. Over the years, we have worked in solidarity to tackle the global financial crisis, promoted cooperation on global economy, finance and trade, and steered the world economy onto the track of recovery. We have worked in concert to face global challenges head-on, be it climate change or the COVID-19 pandemic, spearheaded technological transformation, and kept renewing the G20’s responsibilities and missions. We have worked in unison to improve global governance, strengthened macroeconomic policy coordination, pressed ahead with reforming the international financial institutions, and championed international cooperation in the spirit of equal consultation and mutual benefit.
Proceeding from a new starting point, the G20 needs to build on its past achievements and continue to act as a force to improve global governance and move history forward. We should keep in mind that mankind lives in a community with a shared future, see each other’s development as opportunities rather than challenges, and view each other as partners rather than rivals. We should observe the basic norms of international relations underpinned by the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter and defend the international order based on international law. In light of the G20’s mandate, we could build greater international consensus in the economic, financial, trade, digital and eco-environmental fields, among others, to improve global governance and promote an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization.
First, we need to improve global economic governance and build a world economy characterized by cooperation. We have developed the G20 comprehensive growth strategies and established a framework for strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth. We should stay committed to strengthening global economic partnerships, reinforcing macro policy coordination in fiscal, financial, monetary and structural reform policies, cultivating new quality productive forces, and raising total factor productivity, in a bid to open up more possibilities for the global economy. It is important to make good use of the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meetings, let them serve as a ballast for macro policy coordination, and foster an open, inclusive, and nondiscriminatory environment for international economic cooperation. As main creditors, international financial institutions and commercial creditors need to take part in debt reduction and suspension for developing countries. It is also important to create a clean business environment by upholding a zero-tolerance stance against corruption, stepping up international cooperation on fugitive repatriation and asset recovery, and denying safe haven to corrupt officials and their assets.
Second, we need to improve global financial governance and build a world economy characterized by stability. To increase the voice and representation of developing countries, the World Bank should carry out shareholding review and the International Monetary Fund should carry out quota share realignment in line with the agreed timeframe and roadmap. Joint efforts are needed to keep the international financial market stable and prevent negative spillover of domestic monetary policy adjustments. Developed countries should fulfill their responsibilities in this regard. It is important to enhance the systems for financial risks monitoring, early warning and handling, reinforce cooperation in such areas as digital currency and taxation, and strengthen the global financial safety net. The G20 Sustainable Finance Roadmap should be implemented at a faster pace to better meet the green financing needs of developing countries.
Third, we need to improve global trade governance and build a world economy characterized by openness. We should place development at the center of the international economic and trade agenda, and steadily advance trade and investment liberalization and facilitation. We should press ahead with reforming the World Trade Organization (WTO), oppose unilateralism and protectionism, restore the normal functioning of the dispute settlement mechanism as soon as possible, include the Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement into the WTO legal framework, and reach early consensus on the e-commerce agreement. We should work actively to keep the WTO rules relevant, both addressing long-pending issues and exploring the formulation of new, future-oriented rules, to enhance the authority, efficacy and relevance of the multilateral trading system. It is important to avoid politicizing economic issues, avoid fragmenting the global market, and avoid taking protectionist moves in the name of green and low-carbon development. Two years ago, China and Indonesia, together with some other countries, launched the Initiative of International Cooperation on Resilient and Stable Industrial and Supply Chains, calling for industrial and supply chain partnerships that are more equal, inclusive and constructive. We stand ready for closer cooperation with all sides on this initiative.
Fourth, we need to improve global digital governance and build a world economy characterized by innovation. We should strengthen the function of the G20 Digital Economy Ministers’ Meeting, and let it play a leading role in digital transition, the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, and rules-making in emerging areas. We should step up international governance and cooperation on artificial intelligence (AI), to make sure that AI is for good and for all, not a game of the rich countries and the wealthy. China hosted the 2024 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance, and issued the Shanghai Declaration on Global AI Governance. Together with other parties, China promoted the adoption of a U.N. General Assembly resolution on enhancing international cooperation on AI capacity-building. China will hold another world AI conference in 2025 and welcomes the participation of fellow G20 members.
Fifth, we need to improve global ecological governance and build a world economy characterized by eco-friendliness. We should honor the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and fully and effectively implement the Paris Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework for the sake of man’s harmonious coexistence with nature. Developed countries should provide developing countries with the necessary funding, technology and capacity-building support. The recently concluded U.N. Biodiversity Conference produced important consensus. We should jointly support the ongoing and upcoming U.N. conferences on climate change and desertification in achieving positive outcomes. Energy transition and energy security is a major issue. We should follow the approach of “establishing the new before abolishing the old,” and replace traditional energy with clean energy in a stable and well-ordered way, as we expedite the green and low-carbon transition of the world economy. China stands ready to continue to deepen international cooperation with all sides on green infrastructure, green energy, green mining and green transport, and will provide support to developing countries to the best of its ability.
Global security governance is part and parcel of global governance. The G20 should support the U.N. and its Security Council in playing a greater role, and support all efforts conducive to the peaceful settlement of crises. To deescalate the Ukraine crisis and seek a political settlement, we should follow the principles of no expansion of the battlefields, no escalation of hostilities and no fanning flames. China and Brazil, together with some other Global South countries, launched the group of “friends for peace” on the Ukraine crisis, with the goal of bringing together more voices for peace. The fighting in Gaza has inflicted deep suffering on the people. It is urgent for all sides to stop fighting, end the war, and provide support for easing the humanitarian crisis in the region and for postwar reconstruction. The fundamental way out of the cycle of Palestinian-Israeli conflict lies in the implementation of the two-State solution, the restoration of Palestine’s legitimate national rights, and the establishment of an independent State of Palestine.
Colleagues,
Let us renew our commitment to the founding mission of the G20, and make a fresh start from Rio de Janeiro. Let us carry forward partnership, practice true multilateralism, and usher in a better future of common development and prosperity.
Thank you.
Working Together for a Fair and?Equitable Global Governance System
