建設一個共同發展的公正世界
——在二十國集團領導人第十九次峰會第一階段會議關于“抗擊饑餓與貧困”議題的講話
（2024年11月18日，里約熱內盧）
中華人民共和國主席 習近平
尊敬的盧拉總統，
各位同事：
很高興來到里約熱內盧出席二十國集團領導人峰會。感謝盧拉總統和巴西政府對中國代表團的熱情接待。
當今世界百年變局加速演進，人類發展面臨的機遇和挑戰前所未有。作為世界主要大國領導人，我們應該不畏浮云遮望眼，秉持命運共同體意識，扛起歷史責任，展現歷史主動，推動歷史進步。
我曾在二十國集團領導人峰會上提出，世界繁榮穩定不可能建立在貧者愈貧、富者愈富的基礎之上，各國應該推動更加包容、更加普惠、更有韌性的全球發展。中國主辦二十國集團領導人杭州峰會時，首次將發展議題放到宏觀經濟政策協調的中心位置，發布《二十國集團落實2030年可持續發展議程行動計劃》和《二十國集團支持非洲和最不發達國家工業化倡議》。這次里約熱內盧峰會把“構建公正的世界和可持續的星球”作為主題，把“消除饑餓貧困”作為首要議題，并決定成立“抗擊饑餓與貧困全球聯盟”。從杭州到里約熱內盧，我們都致力于同一個目標，即建設一個共同發展的公正世界。
為了建設這樣的世界，我們要在貿易投資、發展合作等領域增加資源投入、做強發展機構，多一些合作橋梁，少一些“小院高墻”，讓越來越多發展中國家過上好日子、實現現代化。
為了建設這樣的世界，我們要支持發展中國家采取可持續的生產和生活方式，妥善應對氣候變化、生物多樣性喪失、環境污染等挑戰，建設生態文明，實現人與自然和諧共生。
為了建設這樣的世界，我們要營造開放、包容、非歧視的國際經濟合作環境，推動普惠包容的經濟全球化，讓新技術、新產業、新業態賦能可持續發展，支持發展中國家更好融入數字化、智能化、綠色化發展潮流，縮小南北差距。
為了建設這樣的世界，我們要堅持多邊主義，維護以聯合國為核心的國際體系、以國際法為基礎的國際秩序、以聯合國憲章宗旨和原則為基礎的國際關系基本準則。
各位同事！
中國發展是全球共同發展的重要組成部分。中國已經實現8億貧困人口全部脫貧，提前完成聯合國2030年可持續發展議程的減貧目標。
這些成就不是天上掉下來的，而是中國政府和中國人民勠力同心、艱苦奮斗干出來的。中國始終堅持以人民為中心，莊嚴承諾“決不能落下一個貧困地區、一個貧困群眾”。堅持精準扶貧，做到因村、因戶、因人施策。堅持在經濟發展中扶貧，積極引導人才、資金、技術向貧困地區流動。堅持在促進當地特色產業發展中扶貧，幫助貧困地區改善基礎設施，因地制宜發展有“造血”功能的產業。堅持在促進共同富裕中扶貧，推動發達地區同欠發達地區“結對子”互助。我先后在中國的村、縣、市、省、中央工作，扶貧是工作的一個重要內容，也是我立志要辦成的一件大事。
中國脫貧歷程表明，本著滴水穿石、一張藍圖繪到底的韌性、恒心和奮斗精神，發展中國家的貧困問題是可以解決的，弱鳥是可以先飛、高飛的。中國可以成功，其他發展中國家同樣可以成功。這是中國成功打贏脫貧攻堅戰的世界意義。
各位同事！
中國始終是“全球南方”的一員，是發展中國家可靠的長期合作伙伴，也是支持全球發展事業的行動派和實干家。中國不追求一枝獨秀，更希望百花齊放，同廣大發展中國家攜手實現現代化。在這里，我愿宣布中國支持全球發展的八項行動。
第一，攜手高質量共建“一帶一路”。在新設立7000億元人民幣融資窗口、絲路基金新增資金800億元人民幣基礎上，進一步建設立體互聯互通網絡，以綠色絲綢之路引領，為數字絲綢之路賦能。
第二，落實全球發展倡議。在已經開展1100多個發展項目基礎上，建設好“全球南方”研究中心，繼續用好200億美元資金窗口支持發展中國家，深化減貧、糧食安全、數字經濟等各領域務實合作。
第三，支持非洲發展。今年9月，我在中非合作論壇北京峰會上宣布了未來3年同非洲攜手推進現代化的十大伙伴行動，并為此提供3600億元人民幣額度的資金支持。
第四，支持減貧和糧食安全國際合作。中方決定加入“抗擊饑餓與貧困全球聯盟”，支持繼續舉辦二十國集團發展部長會，并將繼續主辦國際糧食減損大會。
第五，中國同巴西、南非、非盟共同發起“開放科學國際合作倡議”，推動全球科技創新成果更多惠及“全球南方”。
第六，支持二十國集團開展造?！叭蚰戏健钡膭諏嵑献?，用好《增加向發展中國家清潔能源投資路線圖》、《生物經濟高級別原則》等成果，支持設在北京的二十國集團創業研究中心工作，支持各方在數字教育、博物館數字化、古籍數字化等領域開展合作。
第七，落實二十國集團“反腐敗行動計劃”，同發展中國家加強追逃追贓、拒絕腐敗避風港、反腐敗能力建設等領域合作。
第八，中國將完善高水平對外開放體制機制，擴大對最不發達國家單邊開放。中方已經宣布給予所有同中國建交的最不發達國家100%稅目產品零關稅待遇。從現在起到2030年，中國自發展中國家累計進口額有望超過8萬億美元。
各位同事！
中國人常說，千里之行，始于足下。中方愿同各方一道行動起來，建設一個共同發展的公正世界，讓貧困成為過去，讓美好愿景成為現實。
謝謝大家。
Building a Just World of Common Development
Remarks by H.E. Xi Jinping
President of the People’s Republic of China
On Fight Against?Hunger and Poverty
At Session I of the 19th G20 Summit
Rio de Janeiro, November 18, 2024
Your Excellency President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,
Colleagues,
It gives me great pleasure to attend the G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro. I thank President Lula and the Brazilian government for the warm hospitality extended to the Chinese delegation.
Today, transformation of a scale not seen in a century is accelerating across the world. Humanity faces unprecedented?opportunities and challenges. As leaders of major countries, we should not let?our vision?be blocked by fleeting clouds.?Rather, we must see the world as one community with a shared future, and shoulder our responsibility for history, take historical initiative and move history forward.
I pointed out?at this forum?that prosperity and stability would not be possible in a world where the rich become richer while the poor are made poorer, and countries should make global development more inclusive, beneficial to all, and more resilient.?At?the Hangzhou Summit, China placed development at the center of the G20’s macroeconomic policy coordination for the first time, and the Summit?adopted the?G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the?G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries. The Rio Summit this year has chosen the theme “Building a Just World and a Sustainable Planet.” It places fighting hunger and poverty at the top of the agenda, and decides to establish a Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty. From Hangzhou to Rio, we have been working for one and the same goal, that is, to build a just world of common development.
To build such a world, we need to channel more resources to such fields as trade, investment and development cooperation, and strengthen development institutions. There should be more bridges of cooperation, and less “small yard, high fences,” so that more and more developing countries will be better off and achieve modernization.
To build such a world, we need to support developing countries in adopting sustainable production and lifestyle, properly responding to challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss and environmental pollution, enhancing ecological conservation, and achieving harmony between man and nature.
To build such a world, we need an open, inclusive and non-discriminatory environment for international economic cooperation. We should promote a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, energize sustainable development with?new technologies, new industries and new business forms, and support developing countries in better integrating in digital, smart and green development to bridge the North-South gap.
To build such a world, we need to stay committed to multilateralism. We should uphold the U.N.-centered international system, the international order underpinned by international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter.
Colleagues,
China’s development is an important part of the common development of the world. We have?lifted?800 million people out of poverty, and?met?the poverty reduction target of the U.N.’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ahead of schedule.
This achievement did not just fall into our laps.?It is the fruit of the?strenuous, unified efforts of the Chinese government and people. Everything China does, it?always places the people front and?center, and it solemnly declares that “not a single poor region?or person?should?be left behind.” To tackle poverty, we make targeted policies tailored to each village, each household and each person; we?facilitate growth by?vigorously channeling talent, funds and technologies to underdeveloped regions; we help localities generate growth by fostering?industries with distinctive features and upgrading infrastructure, all in light of their own?conditions; and we promote common prosperity?by pairing?up well-off regions with less developed ones. I have worked from village to county, city, provincial and?central levels. Poverty alleviation has always been a?priority?and a major task?I am determined to deliver.
China’s story is proof that developing countries can eliminate poverty, and that a weaker bird can start early and fly high, when there is the endurance, perseverance, and striving spirit?that enables water drops to penetrate rocks over time and turns blueprints into reality. If China can make it, other developing countries can make it too. This?is what?China’s battle against poverty says to the world.
Colleagues,
China will always be a member of the Global South,?a reliable long-term partner of fellow?developing countries, and a doer and go-getter working for the cause of global development. A single flower does not make spring. China wants?to see a hundred?flowers?in full blossom and?will go hand in hand with fellow?developing countries?toward modernization. Today, I wish to outline China’s eight actions for?global development.
First, pursuing high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. On top of?RMB700 billion yuan?added financing windows?and an additional RMB80 billion yuan injection into the Silk Road Fund, China is moving ahead with the development of the multidimensional Belt and Road connectivity network, one that is led by the building of a green Silk Road and will empower?a?digital Silk Road.
Second, implementing the Global Development Initiative. On the basis of?over 1,100 development projects?already in operation,?we will make sure the Global South research center?that is being built is fit for purpose,?and the US$20 billion of development funds?will continue to be put to good use to support developing countries and deepen practical cooperation in areas such as poverty reduction, food security and the digital economy.
Third, supporting development in Africa. At the Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation held in September this year, I unveiled ten partnership actions on joining hands with?Africa to advance modernization over?the next three years and, in this connection, a commitment of?RMB360 billion yuan in?financial support.
Fourth, supporting international cooperation on poverty reduction and food security. China has decided to join the?Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty.?We support the G20 in continuing to convene the Development Ministerial?Meeting, and will stay a committed host of the International Conference on Food Loss?and Waste.
Fifth, China, alongside Brazil, South Africa and the African Union, is proposing an Initiative on International Cooperation in Open Science to help the Global South?gain better access to?global advances in science, technology and innovation.
Sixth, supporting the G20 in carrying out practical cooperation for the benefit of the Global South?and using such outcomes?as the Roadmap to Increase Investment in Clean Energy in Developing Countries and the High-Level Principles on Bioeconomy to good effect. China supports?the work of the?Entrepreneurship Research?Center on G20 Economies based in Beijing, and supports?cooperation on digital education?and the?digitization of museums?and ancient archives.
Seventh, implementing the G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan. We are strengthening?cooperation with fellow developing countries in fugitive repatriation and asset recovery, denial of safe haven, and anti-corruption capacity building.
Eighth, China is pursuing high-standard opening up, and unilaterally opening our doors wider to?the least developed countries (LDCs). We have?announced the?decision to give all LDCs having diplomatic relations with China zero-tariff treatment for 100 percent tariff lines. From now to 2030, China’s imports from other developing countries are likely to top?US$8 trillion.
Colleagues,
The?Chinese often say, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step.”?China is ready to take steps together with all parties to build a just world of common development, leave poverty in the past, and turn our vision into reality.
Thank you.
